Mol Psychiatry︱南通大学江波课题组揭示慢性应激通过HPA轴亢奋诱发抑郁样症状的新分子机理
撰文︱江 波
责编︱王思珍,方以一
编辑︱王思珍
众所周知,抑郁症由生理、心理、遗传等多方面因素相互作用而致,其中慢性应激是重要诱因。多年研究表明下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的功能亢进参与抑郁症的神经生物学进程[1-3]。慢性应激使HPA轴释放过量糖皮质激素,后者持续高强度激动海马等脑区神经元的糖皮质激素受体,引起神经元萎缩、树突棘缺失、神经发生损伤、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)合成减少等症状[4-8]。然而,慢性应激究竟通过何种分子机理促使下丘脑室旁核神经元合成释放过量促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)并导致HPA轴亢奋,目前仍不明确。
已知CRH的生物合成受环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)调节[9],CREB功能受CREB转录调节共激活因子(CRTC1/2/3)调节[10-12],而CRTC1/2/3活性又由盐诱导激酶(SIK1/2/3)控制(SIK调控CRTC的转运入核,影响CRTC-CREB复合物的形成)[13-17]。已有数篇研究报道直接或间接证实,CRH的转录合成与HPA轴亢奋需要下丘脑核内CRTC与CREB的共同作用,它们之间是正相关的[18-20]。由此可以提出一个问题:慢性应激会不会就是通过影响下丘脑内的SIK表达,从而调控其核内CRTC-CREB复合物形成,进而大幅度促进CREB的活性功能,合成分泌过量CRH,引起HPA轴亢奋并最终诱发抑郁症呢?
2022年11月25日,南通大学药学院的江波课题组在《分子精神病学》(Molecular Psychiatry)上发表了题为“Salt-inducible kinase 1-CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 signalling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus plays a role in depression by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis”的研究论文,发现下丘脑室旁核SIK1通过正性调控CRTC1-CREB-CRH通路而促进HPA轴亢奋,并由此介导慢性应激诱发抑郁症之进程;过表达增加室旁核SIK1功能产生显著抗抑郁效应;且室旁核SIK1参与临床抗抑郁药物氟西汀、帕罗西汀、文拉法辛以及度洛西汀的药理作用。另外,该论文已被邀请作为期刊封面文章。
研究者首先发现(图1),慢性社会挫败应激(CSDS)与慢性不可预测温和应激(CUMS)这两种经典抑郁模型在诱发C57BL/6I小鼠抑郁样行为的同时,皆显著降低了下丘脑室旁核内SIK1的蛋白与mRNA表达水平(减少60%以上),而不影响室旁核内SIK1与SIK3的蛋白与mRNA表达水平。随后,发现CSDS与CUMS都显著升高了室旁核神经元的核内CRTC1蛋白水平,同时显著减少其胞浆pCRTC1(Ser-151)水平,而不影响胞核CRTC2、CRTC3以及胞浆pCRTC2(Ser-171)与pCRTC3(Ser-163)的水平。qRT-PCR与Co-IP实验又相继发现CSDS与CUMS皆大幅上升室旁核内的CRTC1-mRNA水平(增加50%左右)以及核内CRTC1-CREB结合水平。这初步表明PVN区SIK1-CRTC1通路参与慢性应激诱发抑郁症之过程。
图1. 慢性应激显著改变小鼠下丘脑室旁核SIK1-CRTC1信号通路水平。
江波,男,现工作于南通大学药学院,教授,博士生导师,中国药理学会会员,江苏省药理学会会员,华中科技大学基础医学院药理系博士,美国University of Iowa博士后。长期致力于抑郁症病理生理机制的相关研究,对寻找新型抗抑郁靶点及筛选新型抗抑郁药物有着浓厚的兴趣。已发表相关SCI研究论文40余篇,其中第一作者/通讯作者30余篇;获市厅级学术奖3项;正在主持或已结题国家级与省部级自然科学基金7项。该新闻中的研究工作得到国家自然科学基金(81873795)的支持
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